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1.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146948

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A quimioterapia, uma das formas de tratamento de neoplasias malignas, tem sua administração associada a inúmeras drogas, sendo uma delas o metotrexato (MTX), de alta toxicidade, responsável por inúmeros fatores agravantes para a saúde e bem-estar do paciente. Uma das principais complicações é a mucosite oral, manifestação clínica resultante do tratamento oncológico que pode interferir no tratamento e na cura. Objetivo: Avaliar, comparativamente, por meio de um estudo retrospectivo, o efeito do laser preventivo na ocorrência da mucosite oral quimioinduzida em pacientes com osteossarcoma não metastático submetidos a altas doses de MTX, bem como a intensidade da mucosite oral, utilizando o laser preventivo após os ciclos quimioterápicos contendo o medicamento MTX nos pacientes atendidos no Hospital de Câncer infantojuvenil de Barretos/SP. Método: Estudo de coorte com coleta retrospectiva em prontuários. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, um submetido à terapia profilática com laser de baixa intensidade após infusão do MTX e outro grupo não submetido a essa terapia. Resultados: Os dados obtidos mostraram que houve redução da gravidade da mucosite oral com o uso da laserterapia preventiva, com resultados estatisticamente significativos (p<0,001), corroborando os resultados encontrados na literatura. Conclusão: O uso da laserterapia é uma terapêutica auxiliar importante na prevenção e na redução da severidade da mucosite oral em pacientes submetidos a altas doses de MTX, diminuindo o número de internações por mucosite e os atrasos no protocolo terapêutico, o que reduz gastos e melhora o prognóstico para o paciente.


Introduction: Chemotherapy, one of the treatments for malignant neoplasms, is associated to innumerous drugs, one of them methotrexate (MTX), of high toxicity, responsible for several health damages and impact on the patient's well-being. One of the main complications is oral mucositis, a clinical manifestation resulting from the oncologic treatment that can interfere in the treatment and cure. Objective: To evaluate comparatively through a retrospective study, the effect of preventive laser in the occurrence of chemo-induced oral mucositis in patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma submitted to high doses of methotrexate (MTX), and the intensity of oral mucositis, using the preventive laser after the chemotherapy cycles containing the drug methotrexate (MTX) in the patients treated at the Child and Adolescent Cancer Hospital of Barretos/SP. Method:Retrospective cohort study with charts review. The patients were divided in two groups, one submitted to low-intensity laser prophylaxis therapy after infusion of MTX and another group not submitted to prophylactic therapy. Results: The data obtained showed that preventive laser-therapy reduced the severity of oral mucositis with statistically significant results (p<0.001), corroborating the results found in the literature. Conclusion: The use of laser therapy is an important auxiliary therapy in the prevention and reduction of severity of oral mucositis in patients submitted to high doses of MTX, reducing the number of hospitalizations and delays in therapeutic protocol, which reduces costs and improves the patient prognosis.


Introducción: La quimioterapia, es uma de las formas de tratamiento de las neoplasias malignas, tiene su administración asociada a numerosas drogas siendo una de ellas el metotrexato (MTX), de alta toxicidad, responsable de numerosos factores agravantes para la salud y bienestar del paciente. Una de las principales complicaciones es la mucositis oral, manifestación clínica resultante del tratamiento oncológico que puede interferir en el tratamiento y cura. Objetivo: Evaluar, comparativamente, a través de um estudio retrospectivo, el efecto del láser preventivo em la aparición de la mucositis oral quimio inducida em pacientes com osteosarcoma no mestastásico sometido a altas dosis de MTX, bien como la intensidade de la mucositis oral, utilizando el láser preventivo después de los ciclos quimioterápicos que contiene el medicamento MTX en los pacientes antendidos en el Hospital del Cáncer Infantojuvenil de Barretos/SP. Método: Estudio de coorte con colección retrospectiva en prontuários. Los pacientes fueron divididos em dos grupos, uno sometido a terapia profiláctica con láser de baja intensidade después de la infusión de MTX y otro grupo no sometido a terapia profiláctica. Resultados: Los dados obtenidos mostraron que hubo una reducción en la severidad de la mucositis oral con el uso de la terapia láser preventiva, con resultados estáticamente significativos (p<0,001), corroborando los resultados encontrados em la literatura. Conclusión: El uso de la terapia con láser es una terapia auxiliar importante en la prevención y reducción de la severidad de la mucositis oral em pacientes sometidos a altas dosis de MTX, diminuendo el número de internaciones por mucositis y retrasos en el protocolo terapéutico, lo que reduce los gastos y mejora el pronóstico para el paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stomatitis/radiotherapy , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Low-Level Light Therapy , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects
2.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 66(1)20200129.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094941

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The oral mucositis (OM) represents a frequent inflammatory condition in cancer patients, and poor oral hygiene has been related as a predisposing factor for its onset. Chamomile tea has been studied as an adjunctive therapy in the management of OM due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of chamomile tea associated with a rigorous oral hygiene in the OM prevention. Method: Randomized pilot clinical study, with 35 patients assigned to two groups. The case-group underwent oral hygiene control associated with the use of chamomile tea before starting the first cycle of chemotherapy, while the control group, there were no previous guidelines and prescriptions. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, the type of neoplasm and the chemotherapy scheme proposed were collected. The variables OM, salivary flow and pain associated to the oral cavity were evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed with significance level p <0.05. Results: It was observed that the majority of the patients had a mean age of 50 years, breast (57%) was the most prevalent tumor site and cyclophosphamide (52%), the most frequently used drug In this sample, no statistically significant result was observed in the two groups for OM, salivary flow and pain variables (p> 0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that the use of chamomile tea and the accuracy of oral hygiene were not sufficient to prevent OM.


Introdução: A mucosite oral (MO) representa uma condição inflamatória frequente em pacientes oncológicos e uma higiene oral insatisfatória tem sido relacionada como fator predisponente para o seu surgimento. O chá de camomila vem sendo estudado como terapia adjuvante no manejo da MO em razão das suas propriedades analgésicas e anti-inflamatórias. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do chá de camomila associada a uma rigorosa higiene oral na prevenção de MO. Método: Trata-se de um estudo-piloto clínico randomizado, no qual 35 pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos. O grupo-caso foi submetido ao controle de higiene oral associado ao uso do chá de camomila antes de iniciar o primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia; no grupo-controle, não houve orientações e prescrições prévias. Foram coletados dados referentes às características sociodemográficas, à neoplasia em questão e ao tipo de tratamento quimioterápico proposto. Foram avaliadas as variáveis MO, fluxo salivar e dor associada à cavidade oral, e realizada análise estatística com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes apresentava-se na quinta década de vida, a localização do tumor mais prevalente foi a mama (57%) e a droga mais utilizada por esses pacientes foi a ciclosfamida (52%). Nesta amostra, não foi observado resultado estatisticamente significativo entre os grupos, no que diz respeito às variáveis MO, fluxo salivar e dor (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que o uso do chá de camomila e o rigor na higiene oral não foram suficientes para a prevenção da MO.


Introducción: La mucositis oral (MO) representa una afección inflamatoria frecuente en pacientes con cáncer, y la mala higiene bucal se ha relacionado como un factor predisponente para su aparición. El té de manzanilla se ha estudiado como una terapia adyuvante en el tratamiento de la OM debido a sus propiedades analgésicas y antiinflamatorias. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del té de manzannilla asociado con una hygiene oral rigurosa en la prevención de la MO. Método: Fue un estudio clínico piloto aleatorizado, en el que treinta y cinco pacientes fueron asignados en dos grupos. El grupo de casos se sometió a un control de higiene oral asociado con el uso de té de manzanilla antes de comenzar el primer ciclo de quimioterapia, mientras que en el grupo de control, no había pautas ni recetas previas. Se recopilaron datos sobre las características sociodemográficas, el tipo de neoplasia y el esquema de quimioterapia propuesto. Se evaluaron las variables MO, flujo salival y dolor asociado a la cavidad oral, y se realizó un análisis estadístico con nivel de significancia p<0,05. Resultados: Se observó que la mayoría de los pacientes tenían una edad media de 50 años, el sitio del tumor más prevalente era la mama (57%) y el fármaco utilizado con mayor frecuencia era la ciclofamida (52%). En esta muestra, no se observaron resultados estadísticamente significativos entre los grupos con respecto a las variables MO, flujo salival y dolor (p>0,05). Conclusión: Estos datos sugieren que el uso de té de manzanilla y la precisión de la higiene oral no fueron suficientes para prevenir la MO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Oral Hygiene , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Chamomile/adverse effects , Teas, Herbal/adverse effects , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pain/prevention & control , Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Saliva/drug effects , Random Allocation , Case-Control Studies , Mouth Mucosa/drug effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
3.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 33(supl.1): e074, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039314

ABSTRACT

Abstract Most of the literature evaluating dental implants focuses on implant survival, which is a limited proxy for the successful rehabilitation of patients with missing teeth. Success should include not only survival but also lack of mechanical, biological, and esthetics problems. A comprehensive review of local and systemic risk factors prior to implant placement will allow the tailoring of treatment planning and maintenance protocols to the patient's profile in order to achieve longitudinal success of the therapy. This review discusses the role of controlling different risk factors and prevention/treatment of peri-implant mucositis in order to avoid peri-implantitis. Although the literature addressing the topic is still scarce, the existing evidence shows that performing optimal plaque control and regular visits to the dentist seem to be adequate to prevent peri-implant lesions. Due to impossibility of defining a probing depth associate with peri-implant health, radiographic evaluations may be considered in the daily practice. So far, there is a strong evidence linking a past history of periodontal disease to peri-implant lesions, but this is not so evident for other factors including smoking and diabetes. The prevention of biological complications starts even before implant placement and include a broader analysis of the patient risk profile and tailoring the rehabilitation and maintenance protocols accordingly. It should be highlighted that the installation of implants does not modify the patient profile, since it does not modify genetics, microbiology or behavioral habits of any individual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontitis/prevention & control , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Dental Implants/adverse effects , Peri-Implantitis/prevention & control , Bone-Implant Interface/diagnostic imaging , Oral Hygiene , Periodontitis/etiology , Stomatitis/etiology , Radiography, Dental , Periodontal Index , Risk Factors , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , Peri-Implantitis/etiology
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(3): e8251, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984035

ABSTRACT

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiotherapy. The efficacy of the therapeutic measures to prevent OM is limited and disease prevention is not fully observable. Amifostine is a cytoprotective agent with a described anti-inflammatory potential. It is clinically used to reduce radiotherapy and chemotherapy-associated xerostomia. This study investigated the protective effect of amifostine on an experimental model of OM. Hamsters were divided into six groups: saline control group (5 mL/kg), mechanical trauma (scratches) of the right cheek pouch; 5-FU (60 and 40 mg/kg, ip, respectively, administered on days 1 and 2); amifostine (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg) + 5-FU + scratches. Salivation rate was assessed and the animals were euthanized on day 10 for the analysis of macroscopic and microscopic injury by scores. Tissue samples were harvested for the measurement of neutrophil infiltration and detection of inflammatory markers by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. 5-FU induced pronounced hyposalivation, which was prevented by amifostine (P<0.05). In addition, 5-FU injection caused pronounced tissue injury accompanied by increased neutrophil accumulation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) tissue levels, and positive immunostaining for TNF-α, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Interestingly, amifostine prevented the inflammatory reaction and consequently improved macroscopic and microscopic damage (P<0.05 vs 5-FU group). Amifostine reduced inflammation and protected against 5-FU-associated oral mucositis and hyposalivation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Xerostomia/prevention & control , Amifostine/therapeutic use , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Inflammation/prevention & control , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/pathology , Xerostomia/chemically induced , Xerostomia/pathology , Cricetinae , Disease Models, Animal , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/pathology
5.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 64(2): 185-190, abr-jun 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1006583

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The chemotherapy is one of the cancer possible treatments and use chemotherapeutic drugs as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), major cause of oral mucositis. This complication is the most common cause of pain. There is still no specific protocol for the prevention of this complication, but there are substances used empirically and palliative. Objective: Assessing the degree of mucositis during the 10 days after each chemotherapy cycle using the self-perception of each patient and the pain level reported with the use of the two substances studied: mallow tea and 0,12% chlorhexidine. Method: The selected patients were randomly randomized to perform mouthwash with 10 ml of the test substance, 3 times a day, during the infusion time of chemotherapy. In each accompanied cycle one of the studied substances were used. During the 10 days after chemotherapy, patients answered a questionnaire with closed questions about their pain and self-perception of their oral mucosa. Results: in cycles where mallow tea was used, self-perception of patients seems to be better with your oral mucositis is grade 1 and 2. However, in cycles where 0,12% chlorhexidine was used, patients experienced less pain. Conclusion:In both cycles that was used at 0.12% chlorhexidine was used as those where the mauve tea, most of the patients reported oral mucositis present. However, when used mauve tea was obtained mucositis in minor degrees. The 0.12% chlorhexidine it appeared to have less pain symptoms, although the difference was small when compared to the two substances.


Introdução: A quimioterapia é uma das formas de tratar o câncer, na qual utilizam-se drogas como o 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), maior causador da mucosite oral. Essa complicação é a causa mais comum de dor. Objetivo.Avaliar o grau de mucosite oral durante os dez dias após cada ciclo de quimioterapia, segundo a autopercepção de cada paciente e o nível de dor relatada com o uso das duas substâncias estudo: chá de malva e clorexidina 0,12%. Método. Os pacientes foram randomizados por sorteio para a realização de bochechos com 10 ml da substância determinada, três vezes ao dia, durante o período de infusão da quimioterapia. Em cada ciclo, utilizou-se uma das substâncias. Durante os dez dias após a quimioterapia, os pacientes responderam a um questionário com perguntas fechadas sobre a sua dor e a autopercepção da sua mucosa oral. Resultados. Nos ciclos utilizando o chá de malva, a autopercepção do paciente pareceu ser melhor, com sua mucosite oral sendo de graus 1 e 2. Contudo, nos ciclos utilizando clorexidina 0,12%, os pacientes apresentaram menos dor. Conclusão. Tanto nos ciclos em que foi utilizado a clorexidina 0,12% quanto naqueles onde foi utilizado o chá de malva, a maioria dos pacientes referiu apresentar mucosite oral. Porém, quando utilizado o chá de malva, a frequência de mucosite foi em menores graus. A clorexidina 0,12% pareceu apresentar menos sintomatologia dolorosa, apesar da diferença, comparando as duas substâncias, ter sido pequena.


Introducción: La quimioterapia es una forma de tratamiento de cáncer y se utilizan drogas como el 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU), mayor causante de la mucositis oral. Aún no hay un protocolo específico para la prevención de esta complicación. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de mucositis oral durante los 10 días después de cada ciclo de quimioterapia según la auto-percepción de cada paciente y el nivel de dolor relatado con el uso de las dos sustancias estudio: té de malva y clorexidina 0,12%. Método: Los pacientes fueron aleatorizados por sorteo para la realización de enjuague con 10ml de la sustancia determinada, 3 veces al día, durante el período de infusión de la quimioterapia. En cada ciclo se utilizó una de las sustancias. Durante los 10 días después de la quimioterapia los pacientes respondieron a un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas sobre su dolor y la autopercepción de su mucosa oral. Resultados: En los ciclos utilizando el té de malva la auto-percepción del paciente pareció ser mejor, con su mucositis oral siendo de grado 1 y 2. En los ciclos utilizando clorexidina 0,12% los pacientes presentaron menos dolor. Conclusión: Tanto en los ciclos en que se utilizó la clorexidina 0,12% como en aquellos donde se utilizó el té de malva, la mayoría de los pacientes refirió presentar mucositis oral. Sin embargo, cuando se utilizó el té de malva la frecuencia de mucositis fue en menores grados. La clorexidina 0,12% pareció presentar menos sintomatología dolorosa, a pesar de la diferencia comparando las dos sustancias haber sido pequeña.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Chlorhexidine/administration & dosage , Malva/drug effects , Mouthwashes
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(9): 712-725, Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886241

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the participation of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the pathophysiology of oral mucositis. Methods: Oral mucositis was induced in hamsters using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 60 and 40 mg/kg; i.p., on days 1 and 2, respectively, and with excoriations in jugal mucosa on day 4). Montelukast (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/d; gavage), MK886 (3 mg/kg/d, i.p.), or saline or celecoxib (7.5 mg/kg/d; i.p.) was administered 1 h prior to 5-FU and daily, until the fourth (MK886) or tenth day, when the animals were euthanized and their jugal mucosa was collected for macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: Neither montelukast nor MK-886 prevented the oral mucositis induced by 5-FU, as observed by histopathological evaluation. In addition, we did not find significant differences in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase-2, cyclooxygenase-2, or interleukin (IL)-1β between the experimental and control groups. However, we did observe a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression for all doses of montelukast; we also observed a significant decrease in IL-10 with 40 mg/kg/d and MK 886. Conclusions: Cysteinyl leukotrienes do not play an important role in experimental oral mucositis induced by 5-FU. There is a modulating action specifically on TNF-α.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Leukotrienes/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Cysteine/metabolism , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Cricetinae , Disease Models, Animal , Fluorouracil
7.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2015. 120 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-790333

ABSTRACT

Os efeitos colaterais mais conhecidos em cavidade bucal, durante a radioterapia para o tratamento de câncer em região da cabeça e pescoço, são a mucosite e a candidose. Essas alterações são potencializadas pela hipossalivação em decorrência de alterações nas glândulas salivares. Existem diversos protocolos para o controle da mucosite, hipossalivação e candidose bucais nesses pacientes, entretanto, nenhum deles é totalmente eficaz. A Própolis possui atividade analgésica, anti-inflamatória, antifúngica e cicatrizante. Essas características farmacológicas conferem à Própolis um grande potencial para prevenir as alterações na cavidade bucal dos pacientes que serão submetidos à radioterapia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efetividade do Gel contendo Própolis na prevenção da mucosite e candidose em comparação com o cloridrato de benzidamina. Vinte e seis pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes foram aleatorizados em dois grupos, sendo que o grupo 1 usou o cloridrato de benzidamina e o grupo 2 o gel de Própolis. Tanto os pacientes do grupo 1 , como os pacientes do grupo 2 usaram os produtos 3 (três) vezes ao dia, durante todo o período da radioterapia e duas semanas após o término do tratamento e todos foram avaliados semanalmente. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que 84,6% dos pacientes eram do sexomasculino e que 19,2% dos pacientes mantinham o hábito de fumar e consumir bebidas alcoólicas. A dose média de radioterapia foi 6466,1 Gys. Após a análise final dos dados, observou-se que o Gel de Própolis apresentou melhor efetividade na prevenção da mucosite, a partir da 17a sessão de radioterapia, quando comparado ao grupo cloridrato de benzidamina. Setenta e oito por cento (78,6%) dos pacientes avaliaram o produto como bom, enquanto 85,7% o indicariam para pacientes com a mesma condição. O estudo mostrou que o controle da inflamação na mucosa bucal pelo Gel contendo Própolis foi melhor...


The best known side effects in the oral cavity during radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer in the head and neck, are mucositis and candidiasis. These changes are enhanced by hyposalivation due to changes in the salivary glands. There are many protocols for the control of mucositis, hyposalivation, and oral candidiasis in these patients however, none iscompletely effective. Propolis has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and healing activity. These pharmacological characteristics give propolis great potential to prevent changes in the oral cavity of patients undergoing radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the gel containing propolis in preventing mucositis and candidiasis compared with benzydamine hydrochloride. Twenty-six patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups with group 1 used the benzydamine hydrochloride and group 2 gel propolis. Both group used the products three times a day during the whole period of radiotherapy and two weeks after the end of treatment and all patients were evaluated weekly...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Benzydamine/therapeutic use , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Mucositis/therapy , Propolis/therapeutic use , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy
8.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 77 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-870252

ABSTRACT

O laser de baixa potência é uma nova opção terapêutica para a prevenção etratamento da mucosite oral. Este estudo consiste num ensaio clinico, randomizado eduplo-cego para comparar os efeitos de três diferentes protocolos de laser de baixapotência na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral radioinduzida para pacientescom tumores de boca, orofaringe e nasofaringe. Foram randomizados 73 pacientesdivididos em três grupos: Grupo A (660 nm/15 mW/3,8 J/cm²/4 mm²), Grupo B (660nm/ 25 mW/6,3 J/cm²/4 mm²) iniciando a laserterapia partir do primeiro dia deradioterapia (RxT) e Grupo C (660 nm/15 mW/3,8 J/cm²/4 mm²) iniciando alaserterapia quando os pacientes desenvolveram grau II de mucosite oral. Aavaliação da mucosite oral foi feita diariamente e semanalmente de acordo com oscritérios de classificação do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (National Cancer Institute -NCI) e da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). A avaliação da dor foi feitadiariamente, antes da aplicação do laser com ajuda de uma escala visual analógica.Os pacientes do Grupo A demoraram em média 16,7 dias para apresentar mucositegrau II, com variação entre 9 e 29 dias, os pacientes dos Grupos B e C demoraramem média 10,5 dias, com variação entre 7 e 18 dias e entre 4 e 18 dias,respectivamente (p > 0.001)...


Introduction: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new therapeutic option formanagement of oral mucositis (OM) related to radiotherapy (RxT). Purpose. Thepurpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different LLLT protocols inthe prevention and treatment of OM in head and neck cancer patients. Method: Atotal of 73 patients with malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity, oropharynx ornasopharynx were evaluated. The patients were randomized into three LLLT groups:Group A (660 nm/15 mW/3.8 J/cm2/spot size 4 mm2), Group B (660 nm/25 mW/6.3J/cm2/spot size 4 mm2) starting on first day of RxT and Group C (660 nm/15mW/3.8 J/cm2/spot size 4 mm2) when patients developed grade II OM. They wereassessed daily and weekly using the NCI and WHO scales. Oral pain was scoreddaily with a visual analogue scale. Results: Group A had a mean time of 16.7 days(range 9–29 days) to present OM grade II, while Group B had 10.5 days (range 7–18days) and Group C had 10.5 days (range 4–18 days) (p>0.001). In addition, GroupsB and C also presented higher mucositis grade than Group A with significantdifferences found in weeks 2 (p<0.001), 3 (p<0.042) and 5 (p<0.007) for Group 2;weeks 2 (p<0.002), 3 (p<0.006), 4 (p<0.006) 5 (p<0.013) and 7 (p<0.046) for Group3. The patients in Group A reported lower pain levels (p=0,002). Conclusions:LLLT during RxT was found to be more effective in controlling the intensity of OMand pain in Group A (660 nm/15 mW/3.8 J/cm2/spot size 4 mm2).


Subject(s)
Humans , Guidelines as Topic , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Mouth Neoplasms , Radiotherapy , Low-Level Light Therapy , Drug Therapy
9.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 5(4): 386-395, out.-dez. 2013. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-691042

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar a mucosite oral em pacientes em tratamento oncológico. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, o qual foi realizado com 50 pacientes em um hospital filantrópico em Teresina/PI, de agosto a outubro de 2010. Resultados: Os achados apontaram a prevalência de mucosite oral no gênero masculino e nas faixas etárias inferiores a 17 e superiores a 60 anos. Os diagnósticos oncológicos mais freqüentes foram as leucemias e os cânceres das vias aerodigestivas superiores, cujos tratamentos se concentravam na quimiorradiação, determinando predominantemente graus 1 e 2 de mucosite oral. Os quimioterápicos mais associados à afecção foram: cisplatina, citarabina, metotrexate, sulfato de vincristina, etoposídeo, cloridrato de doxorrubicina. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há necessidade da inserção da enfermagem no fomento às ações preventivas e de controle da mucosite oral, com vistas à manutenção do bem-estar, otimização da resposta terapêutica e melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico.


Objetivo: Caracterizar la estomatitis en pacientes en tratamiento contra el cáncer. Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cuantitativo, con 50 pacientes en hospital de caridad de Teresina-PI, Brasil, de agosto a octubre de 2010. Resultados: Los hallazgos señalaron prevalencia de la estomatitis en hombres y en los grupos de edad inferiores a 17 y mayores de 60 años. Los diagnósticos de cáncer fueron las leucemias y los cánceres más frecuentes del tracto digestivo superior, cuyos tratamientos se centraron en la quimiorradioterapia, determinando principalmente grado 1 y 2 de la estomatitis. Los quimioterapéuticos más asociados con la enfermedad fueron: cisplatino, citarabina, metotrexato, sulfato de vincristina, etopósido y doxorubicina clorhidrato. Conclusión: hay necesidad de inclusión de la enfermería en la promoción de acciones para controlar y prevenir la estomatitis para el mantenimiento del bienestar, optimización de la respuesta terapéutica y mejora de la calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer.


Objective: To characterize the oral mucositis in patients under oncological treatment. Method: This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, which was performed with 50 patients in a philanthropic hospital in the city of Teresina/PI/Brazil, from August to October 2010. Results: The outcomes showed the prevalence of oral mucositis in males and in the age groups lesser than 17 and over 60 years. The most frequent oncological diagnoses were leukemias and aerodigestive route cancers, whose treatments were focused on chemoradiotherapy, by predominantly determining the grades 1 and 2 of oral mucositis. The most associated chemotherapic agents with the disease were: cisplatin, cytarabine, methotrexate, vincristine sulfate, etoposide, doxorubicin hydrochloride. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a need of including the nursing in fostering the preventive and controlling actions towards the oral mucositis, in order to maintain the welfare, therapeutic response optimization and improvement of the life quality of the oncological patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oncology Nursing , Stomatitis/nursing , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Brazil
10.
Rev. méd. hered ; 24(4): 281-286, oct.-dic. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-702490

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa en el conocimiento sobre la prevención de mucositis oral en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo, diseño pre experimental. La muestra fue no probabilística intencional conformado por 50 pacientes. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para evaluar conocimientos sobre cáncer, mucositis oral y cuidados preventivos. La recolección de datos se realizó entre diciembre de 2010 y febrero de 2011. La intervención se realizó en 3 sesiones y de forma individual e incluyó: sensibilización e información sobre cáncer y su relación con la mucositis oral, cuidados preventivos, preparación de colutorio y utilización de la crioterapia a nivel oral; usando técnicas de demostraciones y redemostraciones según necesidades del paciente y familia. Se utilizó estadística inferencial, previa verificación del criterio de normalidad, aplicándose la prueba t pareado para variables dependientes, además de una prueba de McNemar, se consideró significativo un p<0,05. Resultados: El conocimiento se incrementó de 12% en el pretest a 88% post intervención; igualmente, por áreas se incrementó a 82% en el área de aspectos generales y a 92% en el área de medidas preventivas. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa de enfermería se mostró efectiva al incrementar el conocimiento de los pacientes participantes. (AU)


Objective: To determine the effect of an educational intervention on preventing oral mucositis in patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Pre-experimental and quantitative study. Study sample was non-probabilistic. An structured questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge on cancer, oral mucositis and preventive measures. Data collection was gathered between December 2010 and February 2011. Interventions were conducted in three sessions using demonstration to the patient and relatives, and included sensitization about cancer and its relationship with oral mucositis, preventive measures, preparation of mouthwash solutions, and use of oral criotherapy. Paired student´s t-test was used checking for normal distribution, McNemar´s test was also used; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 50 subjects were evaluated; knowledge increased from 12% in the pre-test to 82% in the area of general aspects, and to 92% in the area of preventive measures. Conclusions: Educational interventions are effective in increasing knowledge of participating patients. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cryotherapy , Drug Therapy , Secondary Prevention , Nursing Care , Evaluation Studies as Topic
11.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 59(5): 467-474, set.-out. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-695287

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma metanálise da eficácia da laser terapia (LT) na prevenção damucosite oral (MO) em pacientes submetidos à oncoterapia. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e Cochrane, utilizando as palavras-chave "laser therapy" e "oral mucositis". Os estudos de caso-controle incluídos foram submetidos à análise do odds ratio (OR), cujo ponto de corte para a estatística foi MO grau > 3. Os cálculos foram realizados com o programa BioEstat 5.0, utilizando a análise estatística de Efeito Aleatório de DerSimonian-Laird. RESULTADOS: Doze estudos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. A metanálise de sete deles evidenciou que a LT em pacientes submetidos à oncoterapia é aproximadamente nove vezes mais eficaz na prevenção de MO grau > 3 do que empacientes sem o tratamento com laser (OR: 9,5281; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,447-52,0354, p = 0,0093). CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados demonstraram efeito profilático significativo de MOgrau > 3 nos pacientes submetidos à LT. Estudos com maior tamanho amostral são necessários para melhor avaliação do efeito profilático de MO grau > 3 por LT.


OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of Laser Therapy in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM) in patients undergoing oncotherapy. METHODS: To this systematic review and meta-analysis a search was performed in MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane using the keywords "laser therapy" and "Oral mucostitis." The casecontrol studies included were submitted to odds ratio (OR) analysis, which the cut-off point for statistic calculation was OM grade > 3. We carried out a meta-analysis by BioEstat 5.0, using the Random Effect DerSimonian-Laird statistical analysis. RESULTS: Twelve (studies were included in this systematic review, and the meta-analysis of seven of them showed that LT in patients undergoing oncotherapy is approximately nine times more effective in the prevention of OM grade > 3 than in patients without laser treatment (OR: 9,5281, confidence interval 95% 1,447-52,0354, p = 0,0093. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrated significant prophylatic effect of OM grade > 3 in patients undergoing LT. Further studies, with larger sample sizes, are needed for better evaluation of the prophylatic effect of OM grade > 3 by LT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Low-Level Light Therapy , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Case-Control Studies , Evidence-Based Medicine , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy , Stomatitis/radiotherapy
12.
Perionews ; 7(3): 273-279, maio-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-726698

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de mucosite peri-implantar dos implantes instalados nos pacientes da área de Periodontia da Clínica Especializada em Odontologia da Universidade San Martin de Porres, entre os anos de 2001 a 2010. Material e Métodos: foram avaliadas 318 anamneses com 955 implantes instalados, das quais se excluíram 244 anamneses correspondentes a 720 implantes. Destes, 697 implantes não tinham a informação completa nas anamneses, um foi removido durante o procedimento cirúrgico por não ter alcançado estabilidade primária, 18 apresentaram perda precoce e os outros quatro sofreram perda tardia da osseointegração. Assim, 212 implantes dentários foram avaliados de um total de 74 anamneses, sendo incluídos na amostra deste estudo. Utilizou-se a presença de sangramento a sondagem (SAS) como parâmetro de diagnóstico para mucosite peri-implantar. Resultados: a prevalência de mucosite peri-implantar obtida para o total de 212 implantes avaliados foi de 58,96% (n = 125 implantes); comparado com os 41,04% (n = 87 implantes) restantes que mostraram ausência de mucosite peri-implantar. Conclusão: a prevalência de mucosite peri-implantar nos pacientes avaliados na Clínica Especializada em Odontologia da Universidade de San Martin de Porres foi de 58,96%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implantation , Dental Implants , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Periodontal Diseases
13.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 41(4): 236-241, jul.-ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-667023

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A mucosite oral é um dos efeitos colaterais mais frequentes do tratamento oncológico, sendo responsável pelo maior declínio na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e causando importante morbidade. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito preventivo da clorexidina e o efeito terapêutico do laser de baixa potência em pacientes sob terapia antineoplásica, nos centros de oncologia da cidade de Feira de Santana, Estado da Bahia. Material e método: Foram avaliados 74 pacientes em tratamento quimio e/ou radioterápico, divididos em quatro grupos: grupo experimental I (n = 37), pacientes submetidos a bochechos com digluconato de clorexidina; grupo experimental II (n = 07), pacientes com mucosite oral submetidos a bochechos com digluconato de clorexidina e ao laser de baixa potência; grupo controle I (n = 37), pacientes submetidos ao protocolo dos centros de oncologia, e grupo controle II (n  =  15), pacientes com mucosite submetidos ao protocolo dos centros de oncologia. Cada paciente foi avaliado ao final do tratamento, por meio de exame local, para detecção de mucosite. Resultado: Dos 74 pacientes, 22 desenvolveram mucosite, sendo 07 dos grupos controles (I e II) e 15 dos grupos experimentais (I e II). Dos pacientes que desenvolveram mucosite, 07 foram tratados com o laser. Conclusão: A solução de clorexidina não preveniu a instalação da mucosite oral, apesar de ter diminuído a gravidade das lesões. Com relação ao tempo de permanência das lesões, observou-se a importância do uso do laser no manejo da mucosite (p = 0,0106).


Background: The oral mucositis is one of the most frequent side effects of oncology treatment and is responsible for the largest decline in quality of life of patients and causing significant morbidity. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of chlorhexidine and treatment of low-energy laser in patients under antineoplastic therapy in three oncology centers in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia. Material and method: 74 patients were evaluated on chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment, divided into four groups: experimental group I (n = 37), patients undergoing mouthwash with chlorhexidine digluconate; experimental group II (n = 07), patients with oral mucositis undergoing mouthwashes with chlorhexidine digluconate and low laser power, control group I (n = 37), submitted to the protocol of the centers of oncology and control group II (n = 15) patients with mucositis protocol submitted to the centers of oncology. Each patient was evaluated at the end of treatment by local examination for the detection of oral mucositis. Result: From 74 patients, 22 developed mucositis, where 07 of the control groups and 15 of experimental groups. From patients who developed mucositis, 07 were treated by laser. Conclusion: The chlorhexidine did not prevent the installation of oral mucositis, although it decreased the severity of injuries. Regarding the time of permanence of the injuries, the value found (p = 0.0106) demonstrated the importance of laser using in the management of oral mucositis.


Subject(s)
Radiotherapy , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Stomatitis/therapy , Chlorhexidine , Statistics, Nonparametric , Low-Level Light Therapy , Drug Therapy
14.
Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2012; 15 (7): 413-417
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-144522

ABSTRACT

Oral mucositis is a serious complication of chemotherapy that results in painful debilitating inflammation, necessitating the administration of analgesics. There is no cure for mucositis. Some studies have evaluated the effect of zinc sulfate on mucositis. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of oral zinc sulfate on prevention of mucositis, xerostomia, and pain induced by chemotherapy. This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out on 50 adult patients who underwent chemotherapy during 2008-2009. Patients were divided in two groups. Patients in the intervention group were administered three, 220 mg zinc sulfate capsules daily until the end of their chemotherapy treatment. Patients in the placebo group received three placebo capsules daily, which were similar in shape, taste, and color to the zinc sulfate capsules. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 17 software, using the independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests. The incidence of grade 3 mucositis was lower in the zinc sulfate group. In the first follow up, grade 3 mucositis was detected in 10% of patients. In the placebo group, grade 3 mucositis was seen in 46.6% of patients. By the fourth follow up, grade 3 mucositis was detected in 3.33% of patients in the intervention group and in 20% of patient in the placebo group. At the end of the study there was no grade 3 mucositis detected in the zinc sulfate group, whereas there were 3.57% of patients in the placebo group with grade 3 mucositis. The results also showed that zinc sulfate decreased the effects of xerostomia and pain in patients under chemotherapy treatment. It can be concluded that zinc sulfate might decrease the intensity of mucositis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Stomatitis/therapy , Xerostomia/drug therapy , Xerostomia/prevention & control , Xerostomia/therapy , Double-Blind Method , Placebos
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(3): 373-381, mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597629

ABSTRACT

One ofthe most common and troublesome complications ofmodern intensive anticancer treatments is oral mucositis. The purpose ofthis review is to summarize current evidente and clinical guidelines regarding its prevention and therapy. The use of keratinocyte growth factor-1, supplementary glutamine and other recently developed treatment modalities are discussed. The injury ofthe oral mucosa caused by antineoplastic agents promotes the local expression of múltiple pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic molecules and eventually leads to the development of ulcers. Such lesions predispose patients to several infectious and nutritional complications. Also, they lead to modification of treatment schedules, potentially affecting overall prognosis. Local cryotherapy with ice chips and phototherapy with low energy láser may be useful as preventive measures. Mouthwashes with allopurinol and phototherapy with low energy láser can be used as treatment. In radiotherapy, special radiation administration techniques should be used to minimize mucosal injury. Pain control should always be optimized, with the use ofpatient controlled analgesia and topical use of morphine. Supplemental glutamine should not be used outside of research protocols. Lastly, thorough attention should bepaid to general care and hygiene measures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Stomatitis/therapy , Cryotherapy , Glutamine/therapeutic use , Low-Level Light Therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Oral Hygiene , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Severity of Illness Index , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/prevention & control
16.
Braz. dent. j ; 22(4): 312-316, 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595662

ABSTRACT

In view of the morbidity potential of oral complications in patients with leukemia, this study evaluated the clinical and microbiological alterations that occur in the oral mucosa of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy and prophylactic administration of 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate. The sample consisted of 17 children aged 2 to 12 years that underwent clinical examination of the oral mucosa for the detection of oral lesions. In addition, biological material was collected from labial and buccal mucosa for microbiological analysis. Oral mucositis was observed in only 5 (29.4 percent) patients. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduced number of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (47 percent), Candida albicans (35.3 percent), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.9 percent), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (5.9 percent), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5.9 percent). Patients with oral mucositis showed a higher frequency of coagulase-negative staphylococci (80 percent) when compared with patients with normal oral mucosa (33.3 percent). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the prophylactic use of 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate reduces the frequency of oral mucositis and oral pathogens in children with ALL. In addition, the present findings suggest a possible relationship between coagulase-negative staphylococci and the development of oral mucositis.


Tendo em vista o potencial de morbidade das complicações orais em pacientes com leucemia, este estudo avaliou as alterações clínicas e microbiológicas que ocorrem na mucosa bucal de crianças com leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA), submetidas à quimioterapia antineoplásica e administração profilática do gluconato de clorexidina 0,12 por cento. A amostra foi constituída de 17 crianças de 2 a 12 anos, as quais foram submetidas a exame clínico da mucosa oral para a detecção de lesões bucais. Além disso, foi coletado material biológico das mucosas labial e jugal para análises microbiológicas. A mucosite oral foi observada em apenas 5 (29,4 por cento) pacientes. A análise microbiológica revelou a presença de um número reduzido de microorganismos potencialmente patogênicos, como estafilococos coagulase-negativos (47 por cento), Candida albicans (35,3 por cento), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5,9 por cento), Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (5,9 por cento) e Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5,9 por cento). Pacientes com mucosite oral apresentaram uma maior freqüência de estafilococos coagulase-negativos (80 por cento) quando comparados aos pacientes que exibiam mucosa oral normal (33,3 por cento). Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que o uso profilático do gluconato de clorexidina 0,12 por cento reduz a freqüência de mucosite oral e de patógenos orais em crianças com LLA. Além disso, os presentes achados sugerem uma possível relação entre estafilococos coagulase-negativos e o desenvolvimento de mucosite oral.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Bacteria/classification , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Candida albicans/drug effects , Candidiasis, Oral/prevention & control , Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Gingivitis/microbiology , Gingivitis/prevention & control , Glossitis/microbiology , Glossitis/prevention & control , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Klebsiella Infections/prevention & control , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/drug effects , Stomatitis/microbiology
17.
DARU-Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 19 (1): 71-73
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-106481

ABSTRACT

Patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy for hematological malignancies are susceptible to development of oral mucositis, and no effective modality has been reported for its prophylaxis and treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc mouthwash on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis lesions. In this double-blind randomized trial, patients under chemotherapy for acute leukemia were divided into two test and control groups of 15 patients each. The groups were homogeneous with respect to medical history, tumor characteristics, and therapeutic details. The test group received 10ml 0.2% zinc sulfate mouthwash, and the control group received 10ml 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, twice a day for a period of two weeks. Spijkervet scale was used to grade the severity of mucositis at every other week during eight weeks. The severity scores were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS 13.0 computer software. Mean severity scores were generally lower in the test group compared to the controls at all four time intervals evaluated; but only, the differences in weeks of 2 and 3 were statistically significant [P=0.025]. Zinc mouthwash used in conjunction with chemotherapy may reduce the severity of oral mucositis lesions in patients with leukaemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Double-Blind Method , Zinc Sulfate , Chlorhexidine , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Hematologic Neoplasms/complications , Oral Hygiene , Palliative Care , Drug Therapy/complications , Leukemia/complications
18.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 18(1): 67-74, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-556440

ABSTRACT

Mucosite oral é um dos efeitos indesejáveis que se destaca após terapêutica antineoplásica. Este trabalho buscou identificar evidências sobre ações de prevenção e tratamento para mucosite oral induzida por quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia que subsidiem o cuidado de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo realizado através de revisão bibliográfica, no período de 1993 a 2007. Consultou-se as bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Biblioteca Cochrane e Scientific Electronic Library Online, tendo sido analisados 38 artigos contendo definições, características e cuidados com mucosite oral. Os enfermeiros publicam pouco sobre a temática, apenas 13,1% das publicações encontradas. Verificou-se que a boa manutenção da higiene oral (39,4%) é a forma mais eficaz de prevenção. O tratamento que mais se destaca atualmente é o laser de baixa potência (21,0%), seguindo-se o gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (18,4%). A mucosite requer participação ativa do enfermeiro atuando na assistência pré-terapêutica, prevenindo e preparando o paciente através de abordagem individualizada baseada em evidências.


Oral mucositis is one of the undesirable effects standing out after antineoplasia therapy. This paper aimed at identifying evidence on preventive action and treatment for oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy, which can subsidize nursing care. This is a descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study carried out on the basis of a bibliographic review from 1993 to 2007 on the basis of Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cochrane Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases. Thirty-eight articles containing definitions, characteristics, and care of oral mucositis were analyzed. Nurses publish little on the theme - just 13.1% of titles were found. Good oral hygiene (39.4%) is found to be the most efficient form of prevention. The first two treatments outstanding today are low power laser treatment (21.0%) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% (18.4%). Mucositis requires active participation from the nurses working in pre-treatment to prevent and to prepare the patient through an individualized approach based on evidence.


Mucositis oral es un efecto indeseado que se destaca después de la terapéutica antineoplásica. Este trabajo buscó identificar evidencias de las acciones de prevención y tratamiento para mucositis oral inducida por quimioterapia y/o radioterapia que subsidien el cuidado de enfermería. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo realizado a través de revisión de la literatura, en el periodo de 1993 a 2007. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y de Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Biblioteca Cochrane y Scientific Electronic Library Online, siendo analizados 38 artículos sobre definiciones, características y cuidado con mucositis oral. Enfermeros publicaron poco, apenas 13,1% de las publicaciones estudiadas. Fue verificado que el mantenimiento de una buena higiene bucal (39,4%) es la forma más eficaz de prevención. El mejor tratamiento actual es el láser de baja potencia (21,0%), siguiéndose el gluconato de clorhexidina a 0,12% (18,4%). Las acciones de prevención y tratamiento para mucositis requiere participación activa de los enfermeros que actúan en la asistencia preterapeutica, previniendo y preparando el paciente a través de enfoque individualizado basado en evidencias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Oncology Nursing , Stomatitis/nursing , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Stomatitis/drug therapy , Stomatitis/radiotherapy , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Databases, Bibliographic , Scientific Communication and Diffusion
19.
Braz. dent. j ; 21(3): 186-192, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-556815

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and aluminum hydroxide (AH) in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM). A prospective, comparative and non-randomized study was conducted with 25 patients with head and neck cancer subjected to radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). Twelve patients received LLLT (830 nm, 15 mW, 12 J/cm²) daily from the 1st day until the end of RT before each sessions during 5 consecutive days, and the other 13 patients received AH 310 mg/5 mL, 4 times/day, also throughout the duration of RT, including weekends. OM was measured using an oral toxicity scale (OTS) and pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). EORTC questionnaires were administered to the evaluate impact of OM on quality of life. The LLLT group showed lower mean OTS and VAS scores during the course of RT. A significant difference was observed in pain evaluation in the 13th RT session (p=0.036). In both groups, no interruption of RT was needed. The prophylactic use of both treatments proposed in this study seems to reduce the incidence of severe OM lesions. However, the LLLT was more effective in delaying the appearance of severe OM.


Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da terapia do laser de baixa potência (LBP) e hidróxido de alumínio (HA) na prevenção da mucosite oral (MO). Um estudo prospectivo, comparativo e não-aleatorizado foi conduzido com 25 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia (RT) ou radioquimioterapia (RT/QT). Doze pacientes receberam LBP (830 nm, 15 mW, 12 J/cm²) diariamente desde o primeiro dia até o final da RT antes de cada sessão durante 5 dias consecutivos, e os outros 13 pacientes receberam HA 310 mg/5 mL, 4 vezes ao dia, também por toda a duração da RT, incluindo finais de semana. MO foi mensurada usando uma escala de toxicidade oral (ETO) e dor foi mensurada usando a escala visual analógica (EVA). Questionários da EORTC foram administrados para a avaliação do impacto da MO na qualidade de vida. O grupo LBP mostrou menores médias dos escores da ETO e EVA durante o curso da RT. Uma diferença significante foi observada na avaliação da dor na 13ª sessão de RT (p=0,036). Em ambos os grupos, nenhuma interrupção da RT foi necessária. O uso profilático de ambos os tratamentos propostos neste estudo parece reduzir a incidência de lesões severas de MO. No entanto, o LBP foi mais efetivo no atraso do aparecimento da MO severa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aluminum Hydroxide/administration & dosage , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Combined Modality Therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Prospective Studies , Radiation Injuries/etiology , Radiation Injuries/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Stomatitis/etiology , Treatment Outcome
20.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 57(3): 339-344, jul.-set. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-527917

ABSTRACT

A mucosite oral é resultante de toxicidade e um dos efeitos colaterais mais comuns da radioterapia e da quimioterapia, no tratamento oncológico e para o transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas. Clinicamente estas alterações se caracterizam por atrofia epitelial, edema, eritema e pelo aparecimento de ulcerações, que podem acometer toda a mucosa bucal, gerando dor e desconforto, prejudicando a fala, a deglutição e a alimentação. Além da importante sintomatologia, as ulcerações aumentam o risco de infecção local e sistêmica, comprometem a função oral e interferem no tratamento antineoplásico, podendo levar à sua interrupção. O diagnóstico, prevenção e estratégias terapêuticas de suporte à mucosite oral são de competência do cirurgião-dentista. Através de análise crítica da literatura, o presente trabalho busca apresentar a mucosite oral, sua etiopatogenia, características clínicas e tratamentos propostos nos dias atuais para a sua resolução ou controle, destacando a importância da atuação do cirurgião-dentista no manejo desta entidade.


Oral mucositis is a result of toxicity and one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment and in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinically these changes are characterized by epithelial atrophy, edema, erythema and the appearance of ulcerations that can affect the entire oral mucosa, causing pain and discomfort, impairing speech, and swallowing food. In addition to the major symptoms, the ulcers increase the risk of local and systemic infection, compromising function and interfering with oral antineoplastic treatment and may lead to it being discontinued. The diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic strategies in providing support in cases of oral mucositis are the dentist's responsibility. Through critical analysis of literature, the aim of this article is to present oral mucositis, its pathogenesis, clinical features and treatments offered today to address or control the condition, highlighting the importance of dentist's role in its management.


Subject(s)
Stomatitis/etiology , Stomatitis/pathology , Stomatitis/prevention & control , Stomatitis/therapy , Drug Therapy/adverse effects , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Dental Care for Chronically Ill
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